Language Of Routines And Joint Attention Essay - 1107 Words

Early intervention, at its core, is â€Å"services provided to infants and toddlers who are at risk for, or showing signs of developmental delays† (Coleman, 1993). The intervention is individualized for each child and family and their specific needs. Thus, when the service providers work with the families, they can â€Å"create optimal environments for language learning† (Moeller, et. al., 2013). Research shows that language of routines and joint attention are two successful evidence based practices families and interventionist can use with children who are d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Joint attention relates to â€Å"the eliciting and directing of another person’s attention to an object for mutual engagement with the object,† (Tasker, Nowakowski, Schmidt, 2010) while language of routines emphases the idea that â€Å"when a child is familiar with routines, the interventionist can focus on scaffolding new and more complex learning† and language (Vyg otsky as cited in Jennings, Hanline Woods, 2012). By utilizing both methods of interventions in a child’s natural environment, their language will flourish. First, to successfully engage in joint attention, one must meet the needs of their child by gaining their attention in a multimodal way. Engaging frequently in joint attention will, therefore, help the child transition out of the egocentric stage to engage in frequent language interactions with others. Research shows that â€Å"hearing children with hearing parents and d/Deaf parents with d/DeafShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The Preschool Language1292 Words   |  6 Pages1. Interpretation During today’s evaluation, we used the Preschool Language Scale- Fifth Edition (PLS-5) and general observations of the way Z plays and interacts with others to assess her speech and language skills. The PLS-5 is a norm-referenced test, meaning that the creators of the test developed a set of â€Å"typical† or â€Å"average† scores based on a large sample of children, to help clinician’s determine whether a child, like Z, performs at the same level as other children her age that were includedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesDeficits in social reciprocity or relatedness. Children may seem to lack empathy or may be unaware of other people. They are often content to be alone, not seeking connection with others by either eye contact or gestures4,8. †¢ Impaired joint attention. Joint attention is when a child will spontaneously seek to share enjoyment, amusement, or apprehension about an item, activity, or achievement with his/her caretaker or playmate. This is done by looking back and forth between the object and the eyesRead MoreThe Early Start Denver Model1365 Words   |  6 Pages According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. Social communication deficits include impairments in aspects of joint attention and social reciprocity, as well as challenges in the use of verbal and nonverbal communicative behaviors for social interaction (2016). The EarlyRead MoreAutism, Characteristics, And Educational Approaches When Working With An Autistic Individual1687 Words   |  7 Pagesfive different disabilities that are considered a developmental disorder. Autism is one of five disabilities described under the Autism Spectrum Disorder. â€Å"Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in social interaction, language and repetitive behaviors (Gerber, Morrow, Sheinkopf, and Anders, 2014). The numbers of children diagnosed with Autism is on the rise. It is considered an international phenomenon. â€Å"Recent studies from Asia, Europe, and North America report approximateRead MoreA Dance Teacher : A Theory And Sociocultural Theory Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages maps, and language. A dance teacher must use spoken language and body language in order to teach children the names and bodily ways to produce certain dance moves in order to facilitate learning routines in a sociocultural context. The online lectures talk about a few key parts to sociocultural theory. The first is intersubjectivity, which is the mutual understand of intentions between two or more people. This can be further broken down into things like turn taking, joint attention, and socialRead MoreThe Term Autism 1530 Words   |  7 Pagesdeficits include impairments in aspects of joint attention and social reciprocity, as well as challenges in the use of verbal and nonverbal communicative behaviours for social interaction. Restricted, repetitive behaviours, interests, or activities are manifested by stereotyped, repetitive speech, motor movement, or use of objects; inflexible adherence to routines; restricted interests; and hyper- and/or hypo-sensitivity to sensory input† (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016). So why shouldRead More Teaching Children with Autism Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementing this style with autistic children. Holding morning meetings helps autistic children by establishing a common routine that begins the student’s day in a predictable pattern (Sapona Winterman, 2002, p. 31). Autistic children often need predictable routines, and a highly organized and structured environment in order to function. Since autistic children need routine there are some tips teachers can implement to make it easier for their autistic students: - Highlight most importantRead MoreFamily Socioeconomic Status And Language Development1568 Words   |  7 Pages What different features, properties, and/or experiences in the word and with people allow infants and young children to learn and develop language? Mutual exclusivity, infant-directed speech, and a child’s socioeconomic status are all factors affecting language development in infants and young children. Children, between the ages of 3- to 4-year-olds, expect that a given entity will have only one name, that is they will not apply a new word to an object they already know which leads them to pickRead MoreThe Behavior Of Children With Autism Spectrum842 Words   |  4 Pagescommon within young children and can be noticed by the age of 24 months. The definition of Autism spectrum disorder is a steady, developmental disorder, which becomes identifiable by deficiencies in impersonation, signaling, observational learning, joint consideration, typical play, and comprehend the state of feeling (Soucy, 1997). Therefore, it makes it harder for a child to understand concepts or follow directions. These children tend to need extra help or extra guidance to allow them to stay focusedRead MoreThe Major Deficits That Come Along With Autism Is The Social Aspect Of It Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the major deficits that come along with autism is communication skills. Some people with autism may have the language skills and don’t know how to put them to use and others may not have the language skills and have not been taught how to communicate their wants and needs (Eren, 2015; Gattino, Riesgo, Longo, Leite, Faccini, 2011; Kern, Wolery, Aldridge, 2006; Kim, Wigram, Gold, 2008; Lagasse, 2014;Thompson, Mcferran, Gold 2013). On the other side of communication is the social aspect

The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 877 Words

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria also known as ISIS, was formed in April 2013 out of al-Qaeda. ISIS is being lead by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, born in Samarra, north of Baghdad. In 2010 Abu became the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq which later became ISIS . ISIS have become one of the most advanced terrorist groups known. Having multiple sources of income for money and weapons, have made it hard for countries like the United States to put a stop to this organization. Matthew Levitt, director of the Stein Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at the Washington Institute called Isis the best-financed group we ve ever seen. (Bronstein). ISIS is now known as the most financed terrorist group because of its massive amounts of money generated daily. ISIS have been funding its organization in multiple ways. By selling stolen oil, taxing goods sold, extorting citizens, kidnapping for ransom, wealthy donors, sales of antiquates, Iraqi banks, sales of other looted property, real estate, for eign fighters, agriculture, phosphate, cement, sulfur and human trafficking. ISIS make about $986,000 a day by taxing citizens for all goods and services sold such as water and electricity services, also by extortions such as charging at check points in the roads, forcing citizens to make a donation to ISIS for every withdrawal made. Kidnapping for ransom generates ISIS about $123,000 a day. Wealthy donors such as businessmen, wealthy families and other donors from Saudi Arabia,Show MoreRelatedThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1702 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a post-Al Qaeda era in the Middle East, a new threat has emerged from the ashes of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and later in the 2011 war in Syria. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS, ISIL or Daesh) has rapidly become the most pressing foreign policy concern in the Middle East for the United States. In the last four years, Daesh has gathered swaths of territory in both Iraq and Syria, although it has been driven back thanks to coalition efforts to counter the group. The coalition in placeRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a new extremist organization that rivals even al -Qaeda (Beauchamp 1). This terror group is named the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria., or in short, ISIS. Three years ago, ISIS did not exist but now it controls parts of Iraq and Syria and has made its own state. Terror organizations like al-Qaeda are merely terrorists groups while ISIS has captured and created their own state. ISIS is a well developed organization that has shown their handiwork repeatedly on social media and YouTube (KhederyRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Background: The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) came to power a decade ago as a small terrorist threat that grew out of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. When the United States began to pull its troops in the Middle East, Iraq leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, took advantage of the unstable government and reinvigorated ISIS. In just this past year, ISIS has shown us that it is more powerful than Al Qaeda by conquering oil fields and territory in Iraq and Syria with the hopes of creatingRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1746 Words   |  7 Pages The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is the newer and more intimidating version of the famous terrorist group Al Qaeda. The group makes an appearance in the news almost every day. Over the past couple of years, they have multiplied in numbers. Not limited only to the Middle East, there are people all over the world who have proclaimed allegiance to ISIS. The Islamic extremist group has set out to destroy anything or anyone that comes in their way or do not agree with what they stand for. InRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesMy research topic will explore the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as (ISIS). I chose this topic because it has been an ongoing issue recently along with being a hot and dangerous topic. Picking this topic will help me exploit my audience and grab their attention. Before choosing this topic, I didn’t know very much about it until I did some research and realized how dangerous this Islamic group rea lly is. During my argument I will argue how ISIS has divided countries and have causedRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And Syria1629 Words   |  7 Pages Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a military and political organization which is mainly led by nationals of Iraq and Syria. ISIS has committed crimes of unimaginable cruelty in Syria and Iraq but the international criminal court (ICC) does not have the power to open a case, according to Fatou Bensouda. The court was unable to prosecute because neither Syria nor Iraq were members of ICC. (ICC, 2015) Crimes which have been reported, consist of mass executions, sexual slavery, rape and otherRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Syria And Iraq2191 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Islamic State of Syria and Iraq (ISIS) is a radical terrorist organization which has separated itself from other terrorist organizations through its scope of violence, ability and pervasive rhetoric. Since its rise to prominence, the group has caused both localized and international turmoil and loss of civilian life. Despite the ardent failure of the United Nations and its member states to recognize the Islamic state as a legitimate state, ISIS has managed to control and establishRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Syria And Iraq1699 Words   |  7 PagesISIS; the Islamic State of Syria and Iraq better known for their mass killings, terrorist attacks, and intense regime. This group was founded in 1999, and was created by people who were former Al Qaeda members. ISIS is a group of terrorists with members positioned all over the world to carry out with mass killings. The members have been radicalized to believe irrational thoughts of killing harmless human beings. The whole world is aware of the issue, and knows that this terrorist group needsRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1308 Words   |  6 PagesCanada Should Participate in the Global Coalition to Fight ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has made headlines throughout the globe this past year with their atrocities against religious minorities and determination to create an Islamic caliphate. They have expressed, throughout, that their primary objective is to establish a Salafist government over the Levant region of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, and Southern Turkey(†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The group controls hundreds of square miles, whereRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Legend on Modernist Terrorism The radical Islamic terrorist organization, recently re-titled â€Å"the Islamic State†, has existed under several names since the 1990s. Its history is an epic of how modern terrorism progressed from a religious and political ideal into an obliterating cult. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a properly-armed group that is a threat to the global security. ISIS, whose merciless members delight in murdering innocent people, must be destroyed before

Long Term Results of Earning My Degree Free Essays

I believe that my long term results of earning my degree will be to help me find a job in my field of study. I think that the value of my education is priceless. I feel this way because you cannot put a price on education and knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Results of Earning My Degree or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is nothing greater than knowing that I completed my courses and could graduate from college. No matter what my age is when it happened. My personal plan for my academic future will be to graduate from my courses and earn my associates degree and possibly moving on to earn a bachelor’s degree. While earning my bachelor’s degree I can start to intern as an accountant and gain the experience necessary to further my career. I think that by doing these two things I will be more educated and qualified as an Accountant. With me gaining the experience and becoming more educated I will have a better chance for receiving a position that I have applied for because I do have the educational know how and experience. I have learned a large amount about being in a collaborative learning environment. I find this experience to be very helpful and have enjoyed working with my fellow classmates. They have allowed me to express my thoughts and views on a topic and also have helped my views and opinions to grow with theirs. I have learned so much from my classmates and I am very excited to continue on my journey. We have all worked together to gain a better understanding of the material. I learned that goal setting is an extremely important tool to help me achieve my degree. If I do not set goals I will never get things done. It is important to set smaller goals to help you achieve bigger goals. At any point in time you can adjust your goals to make them more attainable. The important thing to remember is to follow your goals according to plan, and be sure to stay on track. While taking this course I have learned how to better manage my time and try to eliminate as much stress as possible. I have made a schedule to fit my schoolwork, family time, and personal time in to my daily routine. I have found that if I do not stick to my schedule and do things according to plan I will fall behind and have to rush through things to get them done. If I do not effectively manage my time, especially while my children are in school, I have to stay up really late to get things done. If I can at least get done all my reading and notes taken while they are in school then it is fairly easy to go back and check fellow classmate responses to myself and reply to them. By doing this I am not only helping myself to get a better understanding of the material I am also helping my classmate as well. My top priority before I start my week is to get as much of my reading done the weekend before so that way when I sign in I just have to review my notes and posts my answers and responses. While I am reading I start my studying an make sure that I am taking accurate notes and I also print out the assignments so I am able to create a rough draft before I send my assignment to my instructor. I have learned that if I am starting to lose my concentration I will close my laptop and save what I was doing and return to it later. I do this so I can stay energized and focused, whether it is for only a few minutes or an hour or so. This the part that I really love about doing my courses online I can do it at my own pace as long as the work is completed by the due dates specified in course syllabus. I love that I can choose what way I study and learn making it personalized allows me to learn the way I am familiar with and what works for me. The resources offered to University of Phoenix students are extremely helpful. I cannot wait to utilize all of the resources. I know the one that I probably will use the most is the University Library. I say this because I will want to make sure my information that I use is credible and accurate. Another resource will be the Center for Writing Excellence, this tool will help me to check proper grammar use, writing format, and help me cite the sources that I have used in academic work. How to cite Long Term Results of Earning My Degree, Essay examples Long Term Results of Earning My Degree Free Essays I believe that my long term results of earning my degree will be to help me find a job in my field of study. I think that the value of my education is priceless. I feel this way because you cannot put a price on education and knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Results of Earning My Degree or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is nothing greater than knowing that I completed my courses and could graduate from college. No matter what my age is when it happened. My personal plan for my academic future will be to graduate from my courses and earn my associates degree and possibly moving on to earn a bachelor’s degree. While earning my bachelor’s degree I can start to intern as an accountant and gain the experience necessary to further my career. I think that by doing these two things I will be more educated and qualified as an Accountant. With me gaining the experience and becoming more educated I will have a better chance for receiving a position that I have applied for because I do have the educational know how and experience. I have learned a large amount about being in a collaborative learning environment. I find this experience to be very helpful and have enjoyed working with my fellow classmates. They have allowed me to express my thoughts and views on a topic and also have helped my views and opinions to grow with theirs. I have learned so much from my classmates and I am very excited to continue on my journey. We have all worked together to gain a better understanding of the material. I learned that goal setting is an extremely important tool to help me achieve my degree. If I do not set goals I will never get things done. It is important to set smaller goals to help you achieve bigger goals. At any point in time you can adjust your goals to make them more attainable. The important thing to remember is to follow your goals according to plan, and be sure to stay on track. While taking this course I have learned how to better manage my time and try to eliminate as much stress as possible. I have made a schedule to fit my schoolwork, family time, and personal time in to my daily routine. I have found that if I do not stick to my schedule and do things according to plan I will fall behind and have to rush through things to get them done. If I do not effectively manage my time, especially while my children are in school, I have to stay up really late to get things done. If I can at least get done all my reading and notes taken while they are in school then it is fairly easy to go back and check fellow classmate responses to myself and reply to them. By doing this I am not only helping myself to get a better understanding of the material I am also helping my classmate as well. My top priority before I start my week is to get as much of my reading done the weekend before so that way when I sign in I just have to review my notes and posts my answers and responses. While I am reading I start my studying an make sure that I am taking accurate notes and I also print out the assignments so I am able to create a rough draft before I send my assignment to my instructor. I have learned that if I am starting to lose my concentration I will close my laptop and save what I was doing and return to it later. I do this so I can stay energized and focused, whether it is for only a few minutes or an hour or so. This the part that I really love about doing my courses online I can do it at my own pace as long as the work is completed by the due dates specified in course syllabus. I love that I can choose what way I study and learn making it personalized allows me to learn the way I am familiar with and what works for me. The resources offered to University of Phoenix students are extremely helpful. I cannot wait to utilize all of the resources. I know the one that I probably will use the most is the University Library. I say this because I will want to make sure my information that I use is credible and accurate. Another resource will be the Center for Writing Excellence, this tool will help me to check proper grammar use, writing format, and help me cite the sources that I have used in academic work. How to cite Long Term Results of Earning My Degree, Papers

Cell phones How have they changed us socially free essay sample

Individuals should have the option to use physician assisted suicide to end a terminal illness. Because of the harmful nature of their products, the tobacco industry should subsidize public health care. Tobacco companies should be prevented from using advertising tactics that target teenagers. Smoking in public places endangers the lives of non-smokers and should be prohibited. Random drug testing of student athletes reduces drug use among teenagers. Amateur sports organizations (schools, Olympics) should prohibit all performance enhancing drugs. Legalizing marijuana would substantially reduce the costs of administering the criminal justice system. The U. S. government should acknowledge its failure in the War on Drugs and offer alternative approaches to preventing harm to citizens caused by illegal drug use. Other countries should cooperate with the US in order to reduce drug trafficking. Removing the motto In God We Trust from US currency will further strengthen the wall of separation between Church and State. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell phones How have they changed us socially? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sure, schools should teach about the Christian creation of the world. They should just do it in a comparative religion class. Organized prayer is beneficial for students and should be allowed in schools. People who join cults are just looking for answers and spiritual guidance. Leave them alone. The federal government should amend the United States Constitution to include the Equal Rights Amendment. Gays and lesbians should be legally protected from hate crimes. Gays and lesbians should not be able to get married. Individuals should have the right to remove books from public and schools libraries if they feel the books should not be read. Public and school libraries that offer internet access should be required to use web blocking software, to filter out offensive sites. Rock and rap music and videos are too violent and explicit, and should be censored. Schools should be able to impose dress codes or uniforms on students. Schools should eliminate bilingual education, in favor of an English only approach. Both girls and boys would benefit from single-sex education. More should be done to combat plagiarism in high schools and colleges. Setting daytime curfews for teenagers is a reasonable way to keep students in school. Night and passenger restrictions on Oregons teenage drivers are uneccessary. The Oregon drivers license restrictions for teenage drivers will help to prevent unnecessary injury and death caused by traffic accidents. Unhealthy body image in teenagers is caused by over-representation of underweight fashion models and other entertainment figures in the media. Granting amnesty to Illegal aliens will not solve the problem of mass illegal immigration. Juvenile criminals should be tried as adults. The use of mandatory minimum sentences for specific crimes does not effectively deter crime. Prisons in the United States exist primarily to educate and rehabilitate criminals. Capital Punishment is an effective deterrent for capital crimes. Parents in the US should be held financially and legally responsible for the crimes of their minor children. Affirmative action is a reasonable method of ensuring fair treatment of minorities in schools and work. Racial profiling unfairly discriminates against people of color in America, and should be stopped. Exposure to violence in the media (TV, movies, videogames) desensitizes children to real life violence. Incidents of police brutality and corruption will decrease if citizen complaints are investigated by external agencies. Corporations should be required to clean up any industrial waste or pollution they make. Individuals should give up their reasonable expectations of privacy so the government can ferret out potential terrorists. Requiring national identification cards is an unreasonable response to the terrorism of September 11. Local governments should be able to use video surveillance as a tool to help deter crime. Wiretapping US citizens should be one of many ways the US government keeps us safe from terrorists. America would be a safer place if private citizens were not allowed to own firearms. The United States should not engage in biological or chemical warfare under any circumstances. Unless the issues of AIDS in Africa are addressed, the number of orphans will increase. Womens privacy rights should include the right to abortion. Teenage girls who have babies are less likely to complete high school and more likely to live in poverty. The use of condoms is a reasonable method to prevent pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted diseases. Teen age boys should have an equal responsibility for teenage pregnancies. Pregnant women who use illicit drugs should be held criminally responsible. Emergency contraception is a valid method of preventing unintended pregnancy. The U. S. should immediately cease testing consumer products on animals. With humane treatment, it is not unethical to use animals for experiments which could lead to treatments or cures for human diseases. Raising chickens and other animals in factory farms is cruel and should be abolished. Science Issues Human Biology The effects of hormone disrupting chemicals (endocrine disrupters) in humans are exaggerated. Embryonic stem cell research should be funded by the government. Umbilical cord blood banking is a reasonable way for ordinary citizens to cure disease. Human cloning will be of great medical benefit to society. Overuse, and improper use of antibiotic drugs has caused a crisis in treating bacterial diseases. The use of antiviral drugs is a reasonable response to a potential avian flu pandemic. Patients in Oregon should have the option to use marijuana for medical purposes. Environment The key to understanding most environmental issues is overpopulation. Human activity on earth has substantially contributed to global climate change. The federal government should make more laws designed to conserve endangered species. Hunting is a basic American right and we should be able to hunt for sport or subsistence. Dams should be breached to benefit the life cycle of salmon and prevent extinction. Monocultural farming is responsible for the loss of agricultural biodiversity. In order to reverse the spread of invasive species, plant only native species in yards and gardens. The economic benefits of clear-cutting are outweighed by the potential environmental harm to the land. Reversing desertification in the worlds arid lands should be an environmental priority. The best way to prevent and manage wildfires is to selectively log out old growth timber. One way to solve the problem of world hunger is through the use of GMOs (genetically modified organisms). Foods incorporating GMOs should be labeled. The fluid of concern in the 21st century will be water, not oil. In order to reduce Americas dependence on foreign oil, the government should compel companies to develop alternative sources of fuel. The government should subsidize companies that research and develop alternative energy sources. Radioactive and nuclear wastes: if not Yucca Mountain, where? Top Links accurate as of 10-16-12

6 Strategies to Successfully Pass a School Bond

6 Strategies to Successfully Pass a School Bond A school bond provides a financial avenue for school districts to meet an immediate specified need. These specified needs can range from a new school, classroom building, gymnasium, or cafeteria to repairing an existing building, new buses, upgrades in classroom technology or security, etc. A school bond issue must be voted on by the members of the community in which the school is located. Most states require a three-fifths (60%) super-majority vote to pass a bond. If the school bond passes, property owners in the community will foot the bill for the bond issue through increased property taxes. This can create a dilemma for voters in the community and is why many proposed bond issues do not receive enough â€Å"yes† votes to pass. It takes a lot of dedication, time, and hard work to pass a bond issue. When it passes it was well worth it, but when it fails it can be extremely disappointing. There is no exact science for passing a bond issue. However, there are strategies that when implemented can help improve the chances that the bond issue will pass. Build a Foundation The district superintendent and the school board are often the driving forces behind a school bond issue. They are also responsible for getting out into the community, building relationships, and keeping people informed about what is happening with the district. It is vital to have good standing relationships with powerful civic groups and key business owners within a community if you want your bond to be passed. This process should be continuous and ongoing over time. It should not happen just because you’re trying to pass a bond. A strong superintendent will make their school the focal point of the community. They will work hard to forge those relationships that will pay off in times of need. They will make community involvement a priority inviting members into the school not only see what is going on but to become a part of the process themselves. Potentially passing a bond issue is just one of the many rewards that come with this holistic approach to community involvement. Organize and Plan Perhaps the most crucial aspect of passing a school bond is to be well organized and to have a solid plan in place. This begins with forming a committee that is as dedicated to seeing the bond passed as you are. It is necessary to note that most states prohibit schools from using their own resources or time to lobby on behalf of a bond issue. If teachers or administrators are to participate on the committee, it must be on their own time. A strong committee will consist of school board members, administrators, teachers, advisory councils, business leaders, parents, and students. The committee should be kept as small as possible so that a consensus can be reached easier. The committee should discuss and create a detailed plan on all aspects of the bond including timing, finances, and campaigning. A specific task should be given to each committee member to carry out according to their individual strengths. A school bond campaign should start approximately two months before the vote is scheduled to occur. Everything occurring in those two months should be well thought out and planned in advance. No two bond campaigns are the same. It is likely that parts of the plan will have to be abandoned or changed after realizing that the approach is not working. Establish a Need It is essential to establish a real need in your bond campaign. Most districts have a list of projects that they believe need to be completed. When deciding what you are going to put in the bond it is vital to look at two factors: immediate need and investment in your student body. In other words, put projects on the ballot that will resonate with voters who understand the value of education and show them there is a need. Make those connections apart of your campaign and bundle things where appropriate. If you are trying to build a new gymnasium, package it as a multipurpose facility that will not only serve as a gymnasium but as a community center and auditorium so that it can be used by all students and not just a select few. If you are trying to pass a bond for new buses, be prepared to explain how much money you are currently spending to maintain your bus fleet that is outdated and run down. You can even use a deteriorated bus in your campaign by parking it in front of the school with information about the bond. Be Honest It is essential to be honest with the constituents in your district. Property owners want to know how much their taxes are going to go up if the bond issue is passed. You should not skirt around this issue. Be direct and honest with them and always use the opportunity to explain to them what their investment will do for students in the district. If you are not honest with them, you may pass the first bond issue, but it will be more difficult when you try to pass the next one. Campaign! Campaign! Campaign! When campaigning begins it is beneficial to keep the message simple. Be specific with your message including the voting date, how much the bond is for, and some simple highlights of what it will be used for. If a voter asks for more information, then be prepared with more details. Campaigning efforts should be holistic with a goal of getting the word out to every registered voter in the district. Campaigning occurs in many different forms, and each form may reach a different subset of constituents. Some of the most popular forms of campaigning include: Build a Website – Create a website that gives voters detailed information about the bond issue.Campaign Signs/Posters – Put campaign signs in supporters’ yards and posters in high traffic locations such as the post office.Speaking Engagements – Schedule speaking engagements with civic groups in the community such as the Senior Citizen Center, Masonic Lodge, etc.Organize a Voter Registration Drive – A voter registration drive allows you to recruit newcomers and potential supporters who might not vote otherwise.Door to Door Canvassing – Simple word of mouth campaigning may make the difference especially in reminding voters to get to the polls.Telephone Committee – A simple way to poll voters in the community as well as to inform them about the bond issue and to remind them to vote.Direct Mail – Send flyers highlighting the bond issue out a few days before the vote.Media – Use the media to get the message out when possible. Focus on Uncertainty There are some constituents that have their minds made up on a bond issue before you even decide to do it. Some people always vote yes, and some people always vote no. Do not waste time on trying to convince the â€Å"no† votes that they should vote â€Å"yes†. Instead, focus on getting those â€Å"yes† votes to the polls. However, it is most valuable to invest your time and effort on those in the community that have not decided. Visit with those on the fence 3-4 times throughout the campaign to try and sway them to vote â€Å"yes†. They are the people who will ultimately decide whether the bond passes or fails.

Prescribing of Medication by Psychologists For and Against

Prescribing of Medication by Psychologists For and Against Psychologists and psychiatrists are important professionals that the society depends on for several concerns. Whereas psychologists are concerned with offering psychological therapy to mentally disturbed persons, physicians offer both curative and social treatment for various diseases (Harding, 2002). The training underwent also differs considerably. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Prescribing of Medication by Psychologists: For and Against specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Psychologists undergo a more theory-based training as opposed to a practical medicine-based training. The fact that both professionals are important in the mental healthcare is true. However, endless debates that aim at empowering psychologists to prescribe medication are common (Harding, 2002). The journal ‘Should Psychologists Prescribe Medication’ gives supporting views by Robert Resnick. On the contrary, William Robiner o pposes the idea. This paper critically examines the position held by the two authors. Facts Robert Resnick asserts that the available psychopharmacological aid is limited. On the contrary, the mental health cases have drastically increased. It is reported that over 450 counties in America lack psychiatrists in residence. How then will mental problems be addressed in such counties? It is true that granting prescription privileges to psychologists will reduce this patient-psychiatrist deficit. In addition, psychological medical prescription will ensure that quality mental healthcare is offered in time (Resnick Robiner, 2003). Cost reduction is also assured because only one profession is involved. Robiner is correct when he asserts that the mode of training between a psychologist and a psychiatrist differs. Psychiatrists undergo intense medical training in a medical school. Subjects such as biology, chemistry and pharmacology are taught at the undergraduate, graduate and doctoral le vels of training. Psychologists on the other hand do not undergo this kind of training at all levels of training (Resnick Robiner, 2003). The lack of medical training provides a platform for increased collaboration between the psychologists and the psychiatrists. This is the best tool for increased efficiency in service delivery. Opinions Resnick is of the view that psychologists should be given prescription privileges too. He argues that psychologists are more informed on mental health issues than other non-psychiatry professionals. Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The realization that 85% of mental prescriptions are written by the non-psychiatry professionals is criticized. He is of the opinion that granting psychologists the power to prescribe would offer better choices and informed referrals. The need to have psychologists prescribe will be solved by training more professionals (Resnick Robiner, 2003). The success of the Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (PDP) is a good example of early training programs. Robiner on the other hand is of the view that most patients find more comfort in sharing their mental problems with physicians than with psychologists. It is for this reason that prescription privileges are enjoyed by the psychiatrists. The duplication of the PDP success is uncertain (Resnick Robiner, 2003). Robiner is of the opinion that the military psychologists were exposed to a specific group of patients and conditions. He therefore doubts the practicality of the same in more diverse conditions. Resnick’s Strengths and Weaknesses Resnick argument is cemented by the fact that he uses a previous case to support his position. The success of the PDP is an important development. In fact the same approach can be used to address the prescription debate. The fact that he advocates for the bridging of the patient-professi onal gap is clear. He emphasizes on the need for psychologists to undergo medical training, just as the ten military psychologists did. He also insists that revoking previous prescriptions is also a means of giving medical prescription. Resnick’s argument is however limited in scope. It is true that New Mexico was the first state to grant prescription privileges to psychologists (Resnick Robiner, 2003). He affirms that 32 more states are on the way to adopting laws that grant prescription rights. He fails to give the time frame required to achieve this. In addition he fails to specify the medical concerns within the jurisdiction of the psychologists and psychiatrists as far prescription rights are concerned. Robiner’s Strengths and Weaknesses Robiner asserts that training 10 psychologists under specific and customized conditions should not be viewed as an obvious case under general conditions. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Presc ribing of Medication by Psychologists: For and Against specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is true that diverse mental problems are encountered. Assuming the PDP success would be duplicated in other training programs is wrong according to Robiner. In addition he presents a report by the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology that revealed that PDP graduates were indeed weak both medically and psychiatrically. They were indeed supervised by physicians. Most psychologists have admitted receiving improper pharmacological training (Resnick Robiner, 2003). How can proponents of psychologists prescription purport that the latter can medically prescribe yet the psychologists admit incompetency? Robiner provides enough literature that proves that the quality of mental health care will be compromised. It is clear that there exists a great discrepancy of training between the psychologist and the psychiatrist. Medicine-based training model is a dapted by the latter while the former adopts a theory-based model. Subjects such as biology, chemistry and pharmacology are taught in medical schools (Resnick Robiner, 2003). This discrepancy widens from the under graduate to the graduate training levels. Regulatory and legal issues are well captured. The granting of prescription privileges would mean restructuring of the regulatory systems. The claim that psychologists may reject offers to work with undeserved groups is unfounded. Credibility of the Authors Both Resnick and Robiner are appreciating the fact that psychologists are equally important in mental healthcare sector. Resnick however is limited in scope. He assumes that psychologists can also give prescriptions as physicians do. He fails to consider the negative health risks, legal effects and ineffective care associated with the move. He applies economic reasoning to assert that if psychologists offer medical prescription, the patient can save more. He fails to understa nd that indeed, he/she may end up paying more due to incorrect prescriptions. He also fails to conduct intensive review of existing research to support his position. Robiner’s argument is well supported. He is clear of the fact that medicine is a growing field that requires regular knowledge updates. He insists that the training methods adopted by the psychologists may have far reaching consequences to patients if prescriptions are given by psychologists. His argument covers a wide scope to include the legal, quality management and efficiency of mental health care. The fact that he calls for collaboration between the psychologists and psychiatrists is a clear attestation that he values the roles played by each.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personal View The information provided by Robiner indicates that proper literature review was conducted. Robiner is categorical of the fact that psychologists and psychiatrists should work together for the good of the mental patients. He is well aware of the risks posed by psychoactive drugs. The prescription privileges enjoyed by psychologists would be cause of serious mental and other health complications. The PDP success cannot be solely relied upon for the effective medical prescription in diverse mental problems (Resnick Robiner, 2003). The medical profession is sensitive field that requires mastery of the human anatomy. The understanding of how different types of medicine react in the humans is vitally important. The knowledge and training discrepancy that exists between psychologists and psychiatrists is a matter of concern. It is difficult for a psychologist to understand which medicine is obsolete and which should be used under certain conditions. Rendering them incompe tent to prescribe medicine is important. In this regard the state governments should not give psychologists prescription rights. Contemporary Research The American Medical Association, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Psychiatric Association and the American Society for Geriatric Psychiatry have opposed efforts to empowering psychologists offer medical prescription (Harding, 2002). These associations have asserted that psychologists are not medically trained to offer prescription. Patients’ safety is the prime consideration in medical prescription. Psychologists are at a higher risk of administering the wrong prescription because they lack the medical knowledge (Harding, 2002). The theory-based model training by psychologists is useless in medical prescription. Medically trained professionals are superior to psychologists as far as medical prescription is concerned. The fact that psychiatrists undergo fulltime four-year training in bioche mistry, pharmacology, physiology and diagnosis is worthwhile to note (Harding, 2002). In addition, they undergo a full-time tree year postgraduate psychiatric training. Practical prescription of drugs is performed during this time. The part-time one year psychopharmacological course undergone by the psychologists is insufficient and incomparable to that of a psychiatrist. Psychologists should therefore not prescribe medication. References Harding, R. K. (2002). New Mexico Psychologists Prescribing Law: Bad Medicine for Patients. American Psychiatric Association Media Advisory. Resnick, R. Robiner, W. (2003). Should Psychologist Prescribe Medication? British Psychologist Society. The Psychologist, 16 (4), 251-264.

Art Of Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art Of Cinema - Essay Example The comedy in Young Frankenstein ranges from slapstick and farce to dirty, bawdy humor and irreverent satire. The film is an homage to the classical American horror films of the 1930’s and 40’s, however, it is a modern satire. In the early 1930s, American film producers began the tradition of popularizing the genre of the horror film with such American Gothic features as Dracula (1931), The Mummy (1933) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1932), films that originated from Gothic literature. These evolved into a blending of science fiction with Gothic horror, films that were about scientists experimented with the human form, The Invisible Man (1933), The Wolf Man ( 1941) and, of course, Frankenstein (1910), which spawned a slew of re-makes and sequels, including Bride of Frankenstein (1935), Son of Frankenstein (1939) and Ghost of Frankenstein (1942). As the complexity of horror films grew in the evolution of the genre, a sub-genre called for the study of specific â€Å"thrillers† and the psychology of them, including the films of director Alfred Hitchcock ( Psycho (1960) and The Birds(1963) ), as well as the development of the sub-genre of the serial killer films, (M (1931), Peeping Tom (1960), Silence of the Lambs (1991). Yet there still remains a basic formula that is inherent to the horror genre. As Bruce Kawin points out in his essay, â€Å"Children of the Light,† there is a need for a distinguishing between â€Å"good† horror films and â€Å"bad† horror films. Kawain’s discusses the components of a â€Å"good† horror film: â€Å"A good horror film takes you down into the depths and shows you something about the landscape†¦The seeker, who is often the survivor, confronts his or her own fallibility, vulnerability, and culpability as an aspect of confronting the horror object, and either matures or dies. (Matures in this sense refers to the adult act of making peace with the discrepancy

Art History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art History - Research Paper Example What world did they see in the early 1860s, when Impressionism stormed into their lives as the wind of change? Social disruptions at the end of the 18th century, revolutions in France and America, transformed the very essence of Western culture, which cannot but affect the role of art in a rapidly changing society. Accustomed to some social orders from the ruling dynasties or the church, artists suddenly found that all the customers left them. The nobility and clergy experienced serious financial and social troubles. The era of capitalism came, which changed the art rules and priorities totally. Gradually established republics and democratic powers witnessed the growth of the middle class and this growth caused the development of the new art market. Unfortunately, entrepreneurs and traders usually lacked hereditary culture and education, without which it was impossible to understand the diversity of allegories or skillful mastery, which charmed the aristocracy. Without any aristocratic upbringing and education, the middle-class representatives, who suddenly became the art consumers, had to rely on the opinion of professionals - newspaper critics and official experts. The artistic academies, the watchers of the classical canons, became the central arbiters in the issue of artistic preferences. So, it’s not a paradox that some young and talented artists rebelled against the conformity and dominance of the formal academism in art. The major strongholds of the academicism at that time were state patronized exhibitions of contemporary art – the Salons. Participation in the Salon was the only chance to attract attention of the press and customers. The Salon was a unique opportunity to acquire a customer, to build a career in art. Auguste Renoir, in his letter to his dealer Durand-Ruel, criticizes status quo: â€Å"In Paris there are scarcely fifteen people who capable of liking a painter who doesn’t show at

Mekong delta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mekong delta - Essay Example In 1802, it became part of French colony and became part of Vietnam when it gained independence from France (Brocheux, 1995). Mekong delta is 39000 km in area. It was initially a forest area and marshland having diverse landscape with mountains, highland and plain region. The marshland makes it very fertile land. It has moderate climate. Due to its low lying area, it is susceptible to flash floods. Lunar new year and mid autumn festival are major cultural events. During the festival, children float lighted candles on skiffs on the river. The multicultural society comprises of Vietnamese, Khmer, Chinese, Cambodians and Cham tribe. The main religions are Buddhism, Catholicism, Cao Dai, Hoa Hao and Islam (vietscape.com, 2004). Agriculture is major source of income for the people. Rice is major agricultural crop followed by fruits and vegetables. It is second largest producer and exporter of rice in the world. Acquaculture is another industry which facilitates export of fish like shrimps, cat fish etc. In recent times, tourism has also emerged as important industry. Boats and ferries are major transport systems across the provinces and cities. Bus, light and heavy vehicles are used on the roadways along with motorbikes, and bicycles. Recently a cable stayed bridge was constructed that connects Long province with Can Tho city. The bridge is expected to reduce the reliance on ferries for commutation. Some of the provinces of Mekong are also connected by air-flight. Mekong Delta has two main floating markets: Cai Rang and Phong Dien, where villagers bring their produce like vegetables, fruits, fish etc. on the boats. All its businesses are conducted on the banks. They have bamboo houses and cultivate fisheries under them. Goods are bought by local traders who sell them in the big cities at great profit. It also has floating

Localize your product to globalize your business

Localize your product to globalize your business LOCALIZE YOUR PRODUCT TO GLOBALIZE YOUR BUSINESS. OBJECTIVES:- Analyze how should be the Structure and Capacity of Firm to explore a localized product to global market Evaluate the Demand of the product in the particular country where the firm wants to explore. To Know the benefits from the global business that placing the placing the actual importance of a product. To Understand the Local and Global legal terms and conditions to access or for trading a product to global market. Analyzing the Local and global Market competitors and upcoming problems with similar products in Price, Reliability and quality. Critically analyze the Barriers to growth for small firms. 3. Context :- The main purpose to choose this topic because, as the Author is from a Business background family, owning a group called RGS GROUP FIRMS which deals with Manufacturing Micro nutrient and Fertilizers products with fully fledged and localized in the Indian Market, Author main aim is to Explore the Business which is presently in INDIA to other countries with help of there Localized products to global Market for which author is taking the help of this Dissertation. The intention of doing this study is to grab the information is how to launch a localized product outside the country and Author personal interest is to improve his business status to globe with the help of this research on above topic. Literature Review:- The literature review is focused in areas related to innovative product development for sustainable competitive advantage. The essentials for the product development would involve market segmentation, innovation, capacity of the firm, need for skill (Knowledge) and research and development to globalize a product. The literature review aims to conclude with a framework for business strategy intending to enhance product development. Some people are given a survey to complete to gauge their reaction on globalization of a localized product to other countries, who have placed different importance in there concepts. Which are as below. According to KENECHI OHMAE in his book THE NEXT GLOBAL STAGE published in 2005 he said that Effective communication always depend on the non existence of borders. It was one thing when communication was predominantly physical. If a person wanted to go from A to B or send something there, be it is a letter or product , the inter force of gravity often slowed the process down. Slowness of movement was futured added to by border checkpoints, the need for visas and passport control not to mention custom exercise inspection. People viewed these as obstacles and deterrents. Critical points in the process of Expansion of a Firm:- According to EDITH PENROSE in his book THE THEORY OF THE GROWTH OF THE FIRM, when a firm is relatively small the division of managerial labor will not be extensively and the most important decision are sometimes made by only one man. As the firm grows it reaches a point where a change in its managerial structure must take place because of the necessity, if growth is to continue of subdividing the managerial tasks and especially of decentralizing managerial decision making. The Small Firm and international Business Strategy decisions:- Market Entry:- Dawes (1995) acknowledges that for small business moving from the confines of a domestic market to market across national boundaries which may comprise one or more international markets can be a daunting prospect. He acknowledges that there are a number of reasons why companies do decide to internationalize their operations and the reasons are identified. Johnson and wiedersheim -Paul (1975), Bikey and Teaser (1977), Cavusgil (1980) and Czinkota (1982) all put forward export development models, discussed. Which they see as the export behaviour theories of small firms PRODUCT:-. The architecture of the product is defined not only by the decomposition of the complete product into elemental components, but also by the interaction between these components. The interactions, System architecture design principles suggest ways to plan architectures with minimal interactions across sub-systems, maximizing architecture interactions has been accomplished using matrix—based methods. Analysis such of such patterns may be used to suggest clusters forming effective product modules. (Alexander 1964). EXPORTING:- In its basic form exporting can be defined as selling goods or services from one country to another. There is distinction with in the exporting approach between an indirect handling of product and services involving export houses and joint marketing methods and direct handling of product and services agents and distributors. Indirect exporting of a product involves the use of intermediaries, usually in the firms own country and in response to requests for the firms product or services from abroad. For small firm with little experience if international business, this usually the beginning of a firms move to direct exporting. The handling of the export order may then be carried out by export houses whose business is handling or financing or international trade (Hibbert 1989). The houses provide a comprehensive export service which covers principal involvement in the export activities namely arranging the sale of the product or services and dealing with paperwork and administration. ENTRY ANALYSIS:- If the small firm is to approach exporting in an entry strategy basis the small firm will need to determine sales projections with the detailed costing information. The costing will need to cover existing operation in the business that will be involved in an exporting programme. The costing may well involve sensitivity analysis to determine effect on sale trends etc given specific scenarios Eg Currency fluctuations, (Chuck C Y Kwok 1987). MAKING GLOBAL PRODUCT:- Robin.K and Beebe.N in order to make products that appeal to customers in different parts of the world many companies are finding that they need to develop a deep under standing of consumers in the different parts of the world. (Robin.K and Beebe. N). GOING GLOBAL TO ADD CAPACITY TO A FIRM:- Perhaps the most common reason companies â€Å"go global† with product development to expand their capacity in other words , to add skill , Knowledge, expertise and the infrastructure that can help them develop more and better products. The following below are some of the Globalization strategy to shape the firm. Finding more skilled hands to do the routine work. Finding resources that can extend and complement your product development work. Increasing your access to special competencies. Acquiring special skills that out or in source vendors may do better than you. DECIDING WHERE TO GO WHEN YOU GO GLOBAL:- Most firms began to globalize their product development activities in order to exploit low cost suppliers or global markets. They stick with the globalization to reap the benefits of additional skills and capacities. (Robin.K and Beebe. N). Knowledge of the country and its international context:- (Thinking Globally and Managing globally) The implementation of localised management is dependent upon effective local knowledge. National geography and history, local political and economic management, technological development and socio cultural features. The international context within which the country may be placed; for instance: Whether the country is categorized as traditional or Third World; developing, or a lesser Developed Country (LDC), or industrialized. (Tony morden, (European Business Review). Standardizations and Product Category:- (Brand Globally but Advertise locally) Several of the reported empirical studies have noted that brand and advertising Standardization is a function of product category. Still and Hill (1984) found brand standardization in 76 percent of pharmaceutical products, but in only 60 percent of the food products. Boddewyn and Hansen (1976) found standardized branding practice to be highest for consumer durables. (Dennis M. Sandler and David Shani). Developing Local Product to a Global Market:- A firm can take advantage of large scale production and distribution and a global reputation yet successfully accommodate local market idiosyncrasies. The key to an effective marketing strategy is to understand and capitalize upon unique market characteristics of different cultures and sub-cultures. Successful development of international product and marketing strategies lies in being global and acting local. The proponents of global marketing strategy have displayed a strong insensitively to largely varying local needs, wants and behaviors. The implementation of being global and acting local begins with understanding consumer behaviors and at the macro level, international markets. (James Wills, A. Coskun Samll and Laurence Jacobs). Research in international new product development Current understanding and future imperatives:- This has been an observable trend that has posed both difficulties and opportunities for host of the business in both product manufacturing and service sectors. In the context of innovation and more specially, localized product development , organizations have had a grapple with more demanding regional and global customers and rising a level of international competition , suppliers and global customers and rising the level of international competition, suppliers and resource markets , Realistically firms that seek to excel cannot ignore these challenges. Instead they can ensure survival by capitalizing on internationalization opportunities. In order to create value for international or global customers need to formulate and implement appropriate product development strategies and process to meet the needs and demands of international markets. There is growing concern that strategies, structures and processes for developing and commercializing new technologies for domestic market may not be entirely suitable to meet the demands of the business serving international market.

John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay: Allegory of Sin and Death :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Allegory of Sin and Death in Paradise Lost  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   That Milton's Paradise Lost is unsurpassed--and hardly equaled--in English literature is generally accepted by critics and scholars. Whether it may have serious flaws, however, and what they may be, is less certain, for it is here that opinion varies. Of particular interest to some is the allegory of Sin and Death (II. 648-883). Robert C. Fox wonders that it has not been the subject of much more critical discussion, asking "Is it that Milton's readers are puzzled by this episode and, unable to explain its significance, prefer to pass it over in silence? Or do they regard it as so obvious in meaning that no interpretive remarks are necessary?" ("The Allegory" 354). Whatever the answer to Fox's query, his point is well taken; in a survey of the bibliography of the Modern Language Association from 1950-1980, fewer than twenty references specifically devoted to this allegory can be located, and many of these, rather than pursuing the question of its appropriateness and/or it s importance within the total work, simply investigate its tradition and sources.    Merritt Y. Hughes, in referring to those scholars who have commented on the allegory, writes that "for two centuries critics agreed that the step into pure allegory in Sin and Death was a blemish on the poem and an external incrustation. Recently they have been wondering whether it is not a part of the structural irony of the whole design" (177). It is this latter view on which this paper focuses; the allegory is indeed an integral part of the whole of Paradise Lost, not an error of judgment on Milton's part, as some critics believe. It is defensible on two levels, both in terms of structure and in terms of content.    Since it is the presence of allegorical figures--abstractions--in the epic to which some critics object, it is necessary here to discuss both allegory and epic form. Allegory, according to William Flint Thrall and Addison Hibbard, is defined as "an extended metaphor in which objects and persons in a narrative . . . are equated with meanings that lie outside [it]," uses characters that "are usually personifications of abstract qualities, the action and the setting representative of the relationships among these abstractions. Allegory attempts to evoke a dual interest, one in the events, characters, and setting presented, and the other in the ideas they are intended to convey or the significance they bear" (7-8).